Although national policy is to encourage later retirement in the face of predicted labor shortages in the 1990s, men are retiring ever earlier. The impact of private pensions and Social Security benefits, increase in life expectancy, and changes in society's attitudes as they affect worker's retirement decisions are discussed in depth. Unlike most volumes on retirement issues, this book has a separate chapter on the increasing importance of women's decisions about their retirement, has a unique database of women workers, and throughout interrelates the labor supply behavior of women and men. The volume is the proceedings of a conference held at the Hoover Institution.